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IEICE Transactions on Information and Systems 2006 E89-D(3):998-1005; doi:10.1093/ietisy/e89-d.3.998
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Copyright © 2006 The Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers

Special Section on Statistical Modeling for Speech Processing -- Papers -- Speech Recognition

Improving Rapid Unsupervised Speaker Adaptation Based on HMM-Sufficient Statistics in Noisy Environments Using Multi-Template Models

Randy GOMEZ1, Akinobu LEE2, Tomoki TODA1, Hiroshi SARUWATARI1 and Kiyohiro SHIKANO1

1 The authors are with Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma-shi, 630–0192 Japan. E-mail: randy-g{at}is.naist.jp, 2 The author is with Nagoya Institute of Technology, Nagoya-shi, 466–8555 Japan.

This paper describes the method of using multi-template unsupervised speaker adaptation based on HMM-Sufficient Statistics to push up the adaptation performance while keeping adaptation time within few seconds with just one arbitrary utterance. This adaptation scheme is mainly composed of two processes. The first part is done offline which involves the training of multiple class-dependent acoustic models and the creation of speakers' HMM-Sufficient Statistics based on gender and age. The second part is performed online where adaptation begins using the single utterance of a test speaker. From this utterance, the system will classify the speaker's class and consequently select the N-best neighbor speakers close to the utterance using Gaussian Mixture Models (GMM). The classified speakers' class template model is then adopted as a base model. From this template model, the adapted model is rapidly constructed using the N-best neighbor speakers' HMM-Sufficient Statistics. Experiments in noisy environment conditions with 20 dB, 15 dB and 10 dB SNR office, crowd, booth, and car noise are performed. The proposed multi-template method achieved 89.5% word accuracy rate compared with 88.1% of the conventional single-template method, while the baseline recognition rate without adaptation is 86.4%. Moreover, experiments using Vocal Tract Length Normalization (VTLN) and supervised Maximum Likelihood Linear Regression (MLLR) are also compared.

Key Words: HMM-Sufficient Statistics, unsupervised, speaker adaptation, noisy environments

Manuscript received July 11, 2005. Manuscript revised September 30, 2005.


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R. GOMEZ, T. TODA, H. SARUWATARI, and K. SHIKANO
Reducing Computation Time of the Rapid Unsupervised Speaker Adaptation Based on HMM-Sufficient Statistics
IEICE Trans D: Information, February 1, 2007; E90-D(2): 554 - 561.
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